ΜOΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ, pronounced
Molon La-beh is Greek for
Come and take them. These were the words uttered by
Leonidas I of Sparta to
Xerexes I of Persia before the
Battle of Thermopylae.
When Xerxes reached Thermopylae, he sent emisaries to the Greek forces. At first he asked Leonidas to come on his side and offered him to be king of all of Greece.
Leonidas answered:
If you knew what is good in life, you would abstain from wishing for foreign things. For me it is better to die for Greece than to be monarch over my compatriots
Then Xerxes asked him more forcefully to surrender their arms.
To this Leonidas gave his very famous answer:
Μολών Λαβέ
(pronounced "Mo-lone' lah-beh' ")
which meant "Come get them".
This quote has been repeated by many later generals and even politicians in order to express the Greeks' determination to fight to the last man rather than surrender without a fight.
For the uninitiated, the Battle of Thermopylae saw a small Greek force hold off a much larger Persian force for many days. It is more famous for
the final stand made by the Spartans and the Thespians.
Leonidas, realizing that further fighting would be futile, dismissed all Greek forces save the surviving Spartans and Thebans on August 11; the Spartans having pledged themselves to fight to the death, and the Thebans held as hostages as Thebes' loyalty to Greece was questioned. However, a contingent of about 700 Thespians, led by Demophilus, refused to leave with the other Greeks. Instead, they chose to stay in the sacrificial effort to delay the advance and allow the rest of the Greek army to escape.
The significance of the Thespians' refusal should not be passed over. The Spartans, brave as their sacrifice indubitably was, were professional soldiers, trained from birth to be ready to give their lives in combat as Spartan law dictated. Conversely, the Thespians were citizen-soldiers (Demophilus, for example, made his living as an architect) who elected to add whatever they could to the fight, rather than allow the Spartans to be annihilated alone. Furthermore, the Spartan royal bodyguard had to stay because of their king's order. No one forced the Thespians to do so, it was their free will.
Though their bravery is often overlooked by history, it was most certainly not overlooked by the Spartans, who are said to have exchanged cloaks with the Thespians and promised to be allies for eternity.
The fighting was said to have been extremely brutal, even for hoplite combat. As their numbers diminished the Greeks retreated to a small hill in the narrowest part of the pass. The Thebans took this opportunity to surrender to the Persians[11]. After their spears broke, the Spartans and Thespians kept fighting with their xiphos short swords, and after those broke, they were said to have fought with their bare hands, teeth and nails.
Although the Greeks killed many Persians, including two of Xerxes' brothers, Leonidas was eventually killed, but rather than surrender the Spartans fought fanatically to defend his body. To avoid losing any more men the Persians killed the last of the Spartans with flights of arrows.